《大過》reference_book_ids":[7172890576935717901]},{"annotation_type":"0pos_info_v2":{"end_container_index":73,"end_element_index":0,"end_element_offset":80,"start_container_index":73,"start_element_index":0,"start_element_offset":76},"quote_content":"《大過》reference_book_ids":[7172890576935717901]},{"annotation_type":"0pos_info_v2":{"end_container_index":73,"end_element_index":0,"end_element_offset":74,"start_container_index":73,"start_element_index":0,"start_element_offset":70},"quote_content":"《大過》reference_book_ids":[7172890576935717901]},{"annotation_type":"0pos_info_v2":{"end_container_index":73,"end_element_index":0,"end_element_offset":80,"start_container_index":73,"start_element_index":0,"start_element_offset":76},"quote_content":"《大過》reference_book_ids":[7172890576935717901]}],"74":[{"annotation_type":"0pos_info_v2":{"end_container_index":74,"end_element_index":0,"end_element_offset":6,"start_container_index":74,"start_element_index":0,"start_element_offset":2},"quote_content":"《大過》reference_book_ids":[7172890576935717901]}],"11":[{"annotation_type":"0pos_info_v2":{"end_container_index":11,"end_element_index":0,"end_element_offset":84,"start_container_index":11,"start_element_index":0,"start_element_offset":81},"quote_content":"《傳》reference_book_ids":[7214648538813172747]}],"33":[{"annotation_type":"0pos_info_v2":{"end_container_index":33,"end_element_index":0,"end_element_offset":384,"start_container_index":33,"start_element_index":0,"start_element_offset":380},"quote_content":"《大過》reference_book_ids":[7172890576935717901]}],"70":[{"annotation_type":"0pos_info_v2":{"end_container_index":70,"end_element_index":0,"end_element_offset":33,"start_container_index":70,"start_element_index":0,"start_element_offset":29},"quote_content":"《大過》reference_book_ids":[7172890576935717901]}],"72":[{"annotation_type":"0pos_info_v2":{"end_container_index":72,"end_element_index":0,"end_element_offset":9,"start_container_index":72,"start_element_index":0,"start_element_offset":5},"quote_content":"《大過》reference_book_ids":[7172890576935717901]}]},"author_speak":"code":0,"press_status":1,"content":" 《左傳》《國語》易象釋
尚秉和
《易》之為書，以象為本，故《說卦》專言象以揭其綱。《九家》逸象、孟氏逸象一再引其緒。而象學宏深博大之義，唯《係辭》能發揮之。《係辭》雲：“《易》者象也。”“八卦成列，象在其中矣”。“是故夫象，聖人有以見天下之賾，而擬諸其形容，象其物宜：故謂之象”。“象也者，像此者也”。按像此者，不惟萬物像之，即萬事亦無不像之，《說卦》所言，乾健坤順諸事是也。故又曰“象事知器”。又曰“立象以盡意”。蓋天下萬物萬事之意，無不包涵於《易》象之中，故能盡意。此言立象之本也。所本維何?本於仰觀俯察也。又曰“聖人設卦觀象，係辭焉而明吉凶”。夫曰觀象係辭，則今之《易》辭，固皆古聖人瞪目注視卦象而為者也。《易》之卦爻辭，既由象而生，後之人釋卦爻辭，而欲離象，其不能識卦爻辭為何物，不待智者而決矣。朱子雲：“先見象數，方說得理，不然事無實證，虛理易差。”惜哉此種定識，在其晚年，於其《本義》無補也。《係辭》又雲：“八卦以象告。”辭而吉，非係辭者命其吉也；辭而凶，亦非係辭者命其凶也。皆象所告，不得不然也。又有上句吉，下句忽凶；上句方說甲，下句忽說乙。此尤非係辭者語無倫次如是也，亦《易》象所告，不得不然也。設使係辭者，專務怪奇，而不觀象，不有類顛狂乎? 《易》安得與他經並列，使孔聖學之終身乎?朱子雲：“古聖王以《詩》、《書》、《禮》、《樂》教世，而不及《易》，看來別是一個道理，某枉費許多年工夫。”此等徹悟，此等認識，為二千年以來所未有，且不自護其非，真不欺之大儒也。而後之解《易》者，其觀察往往與他經同，胡能合乎?蓋《易》之為學，至王弼為一轉關，王弼以前注《易》者，無不言象。而焦氏《易林》，則無一字不從象生，且於《易》用正象用覆象、伏象之法，無不依樣揭出。雖不明注《易》，愚以為能注《易》者，莫詳於焦氏也。再溯之春秋人言《易》者，亦無一字不根於象，且於《易》用正用互用覆之法，亦無不依樣揭出，而以《謙》為讒、為有言。於是《周易》正覆象並用之妙，為二千年人所誤解者，遂劃然冰釋，開易林神妙之門，處處取法。自王弼掃象，避難就易，學者喜之，其道大行，漸不識《易》為何物，至有宋演為空談，而《易》遂亡矣。故夫自王弼以來，無論其談老莊，言王道，說聖功，不以象解《易》者，皆與《係辭》背馳者也。其唐之李鼎祚，宋之朱漢上、吳草廬，明之來矣鮮，及清之講漢《易》者，無論其詳略深淺，皆能認識《易》象，語不離宗，與《係辭》所言之大本大源相合者也。此其大略也。其漢人《易》象注釋之者，有李道平之《周易集解疏》。焦氏《易林》，愚曾注之。其春秋人談《易》象者，盡在《左氏》、《國語》，恨其注不能解，或解之而誤，拙輯《焦氏易詁，》曾略及之，而不全，茲再以次注之，以為象學之助。
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